There are many different types of camera encompassing a range of image formats such as 35mm, 120mm and 6x7cm. The first type I looked at is the 35mm SLR camera, probably the most widely used up until the digital age took over.
Below is an example of a 35mm SLR (single Lens Reflex) camera
In this case the Canon FTb is a typical example of a 35mm SLR. When composing an image the light passes through the lens it then hits the mirror which is blocking light from hitting the film, the light then travels upwards through a Penta Prism which turns the image the right way up seen in the diagram below.
Once the image has been composed and focussed, you then press the shutter button which lifts the mirror exposing the film behind and also shutting of the light entering through the eye piece. After the timed exposure the mirror drops covering the film once again.
35mm Dslr (digital SLR)
The DSLR works in much the same way except instead of a light sensitive film being used to record the image there is a light sensor which converts light into a digital signal which is processed and recorded onto a memory device.
TLR (Twin Lens Reflex) camera
The twin reflex camera in this case comes under the category of a Medium format camera and uses 120mm film giving an image size of 6x7cm.
The reason for the two lenses is that the top one is for viewing the subject only and the bottom lens takes the image. The image is viewed from the top of the camera via a pop-up cover. Still a very popular camera today its used in many aspects of photography.
Large format cameras
Large format cameras like the one above have been around for a long time and produce the largest and clearest images available. The old style above uses a plate method for recording an image usually 5x4 inch.or 10x8 cm. The light sensitive plate is inserted in the rear of the camera and the shutter is integral with the lens at the front of the camera which is controlled manually.
This is the modern day equivalent of the large format camera, costing many thousands of pounds these boast unrivaled image size and quality. Images taken with this type of camera can run to 30+ mega pixels.
Range Finders.
A rangefinder camera is a camera fitted with a rangefinder: a range-finding focusing mechanism allowing the photographer to measure the subject distance and take photographs that are in sharp focus. Most varieties of rangefinder show two images of the same subject, one of which moves when a calibrated wheel is turned; when the two images coincide and fuse into one, the distance can be read off the wheel. Older, non-coupled rangefinder cameras display the focusing distance and require the photographer to transfer the value to the lens focus ring; cameras without built-in rangefinders could have an external rangefinder fitted into the accessory shoe. Earlier cameras of this type had separate viewfinder and rangefinder windows; later the rangefinder was incorporated into the viewfinder. More modern designs have rangefinders coupled to the focusing mechanism, so that the lens is focused correctly when the rangefinder images fuse; compare with the focusing screen in non-autofocus SLRs.
Polaroid
This popular camera was used by lots of people all over the world and used self developing film, as soon as the medium was exposed to light a chemical reaction occurred producing the final image. Popularity fell due to the introduction of digital imaging and home printing and was announced in 2009 that production would cease. Since then revived popularity has encouraged manufactured of the film and is still available.
Compact Cameras
Last but no means least! we have the Compact camera, by far the most popular of all the camera types. These cameras are functional easy to use and produce excellent results. Also known as a point and shoot camera they take images with the minimum of fuss. Using either or both optical and lcd viewfinders the image is recorded just like a digital SLR by an image sensor which is then processed an sent to a memory device for storage.
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